The Kondh, Poraja, Gadaba and Bonda are among the major tribal communities that inhabit the Koraput region of the Orissa (Odisha) state in eastern India. Based on extensive and intensive field work, the present study is an attempt to document the traditional medicinal and ecological knowledge of the abovesaid tribal communities of the Koraput region. Besides a systematic enumeration of over 200 plant species belonging to more than 75 families alongwith their varied medicinal and other uses, the book collects a mass of information about forests and forest products, culture, agro-biodiversity and plant ethnotaxonomy of the region as well as various indigenous technologies used in allied agricultural activities and different drug based and spiritual healing practices. Throughout the book, emphasis has been laid on the philosophical relationship of the communities with their ecosystem. Over 100 colour photographs, an extensive bibliography, an exhaustive subject index and a set of indexes to botanical and local names are other highlights of the book.