In this volume, experts from India and Sri Lanka deal with themes relating to political challenges in re-building the Sri Lankan society after the end of the LTTE, socio-economic challenges and challenges of harmonising ethnic diversity. The papers presented at a seminar examine how rebuilding requires not just reconstruction of infrastructure and economic development but also political reconciliation. They stress the need to implement several strategies, programmes and structures that will enable creation of trust and confidence among the multi-ethnic polity there. The papers also explore the role of language and related issues that formed the basis of discrimination and a reason for Tamil demand for autonomy. They view the trends in Indian regional politics and India’s relations with Sri Lanka.